Disney on Friday announced distribution plans for the hotly anticipated live action remake of “Mulan,” saying the VOD release will be available to Disney+ subscribers as an in-app purchase.

Introduction

Using Fedora and Linux to produce and play music is now easy. Not that long ago, it was a nightmare: configuration was a complicated task and you needed to compile some applications yourself. The compatibility with electronic devices was the real story. But, now we can see the end of the road. Playing music under Linux with Fedora is becoming user friendly.

Configuration

Fedora has long been usable to play music because of the CCRMA repository. Moreover, there also exists a Fedora Spin dedicated version: Fedora Jam. And today, you also have a COPR repository (which I manage) with a lot of stuff in it.

To install the Fedora CCRMA repository:

rpm -Uvh http://ccrma.stanford.edu/planetccrma/mi...anetccrma/$(rpm -E %fedora)/x86_64/planetccrma-repo-1.1-3.fc$(rpm -E %fedora).ccrma.noarch.rpm dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fed...e-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/...e-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm

To install the LinuxMAO Fedora COPR repository:

dnf copr enable ycollet/linuxmao

There are still some minimal steps to follow before being able to efficiently use a musical application. First, you will need to install the Jack audio connection kit and the qjackctl user interface:

dnf install jack-audio-connection-kit qjackctl

Then, as a root user, you will need to add yourself to the jackuser group:

sudo usermod -a -G jackuser <my_user_id>

To enable the changes made, you just have to logout of and log back in to your session or if you prefer reboot your machine.

Using basic applications

Now, you can add some applications to play with like LMMS or MuseScore.

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You can also record your voice using Audacity.

All of these applications are available in the main Fedora repository:

dnf install lmms mscore audacity

Fedora and your instrument, in real time

Configuration

Editors note: A real time Kernel is necessary for audio recording on your PC, especially when doing multi track recording.

If you want to use your instrument (like an electric guitar) and use the sound of your instrument in some Fedora application, you will need to use Jack Audio Connection Kit with a real time kernel.

With the CCRMA repository, to install the real time kernel, use the following command as a root user:

dnf install kernel-rt

With the LinuxMAO Fedora COPR repository, use the following command:

dnf install kernel-rt-mao

The RT Kernel from CCRMA repository corresponds to a vanilla RT kernel with some Fedora patches applied whereas the one from the LinuxMAO repository is a pure vanilla one (a clean RT kernel without any patches).

Once this is done, we still need to perform some tuning on qjackctl to reduce the audio latency so it is negligible.

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Click on the “Setup” button and set the following values:

• Sample rate: 48000 or 44100 (this is the sampling frequency and these values are mostly supported on all commercially available sound cards)
• Frames / period: 256
• Periods / Buffer: 2
• MIDI driver: seq (this value is required is you want to use a MIDI device)

With these parameters, you can easily achieve an audio latency of around 10 ms. While this value is the limit for the human ear and is hardly noticeable, you can reach lower latency with the penalty of increased CPU load.

Using Guitarix

To add some effects to your instrument, we will use a rack of effects: guitarix (edit: guitarix, the virtual guitar amplifier).

dnf install guitarix

Now, you have to connect your instrument to the audio card (the internal one or a USB adapter). Editors note: This normally requires an interface between the electric guitar and the audio line in of the audio card. There are also guitar to USB adapters. Once your instrument is connected, with qjackctl, we will connect:

• the audio input to guitarix
• the guitarix mono rack to the guitarix stereo rack
• the guitarix stereo rack to the stereo audio output of your audio card

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You do that by clicking on the Graph button of QJackCtl. Inside the Graph window, you just have to connect wires to the various elements . Each block represents an application. Guitarix is split into two blocks (preamp and rack). The preamp is where you select the amplifier characteristics, and the rack is where you apply mono and stereo effects. There are two other blocks with the system label for the audio input (the one on the left in the above figure) and the audio outputs (the one on the right).

Your instrument should be connected to the first audio input. You should test that your guitar is connected and that it’s able to be heard when played. Most of the time, we use the first two slots of audio output. But this will depend on your audio card.

Editors note: The actual configuration of inputs and outputs depends upon the type of hardware chosen. The stereo speakers of the PC were chosen as the output in the example shown.

If the MIDI interface of the sound card is chosen, there are also two red blocks which are dedicated to MIDI inputs / outputs. These would then be setup as the input from the instrument and the output from the rack.

Guitarix is an amp plus a rack of effects for you instrument. Mostly dedicated to guitar, but you can uses it with synthesizers too.

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Adding some backing tracks

Better than just playing guitar on your own, you can play guitar with a group. To do this, we will install TuxGuitar.

dnf install tuxguitar

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TuxGuitar will play GuitarPro files. These files contains several instruments scores and can be played in real time. You just have to download a GuitarPro file from this website and open it with TuxGuitar.

Start TuxGuitar and click on Tools -> Plugins and check the fluidsynth plugin. Then, once fluidsynth is checked, click on Configure. Click on the Audio tab and select Jack as Audio Driver. In the Synthetizer tab, choose the same sampling frequency you chose for QjackCtl above (48000 or 44100 Hz).

In the soundfonts tab, you can add your own SF2 or SF3 file to improve the audio rendering. You can now close the Plugins window. Click on Tools -> Settings -> Sound. Here, you can select the king of audio used to render the score. If you have several SF2 / SF3 files, you will select the chosen one for the audio rendering here. Restart TuxGuitar after you’re satisfied with your selections. After restarting TuxGuitar, a new block will appear in the Graph window of QJackCtl.

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You will just have to connect the block tagged ‘fluidsynth’ to the audio output like you have done with Guitarix.

Using MIDI devices

Using MIDI devices in real time is as easy as with audio. We will connect a virtual MIDI keyboard: vkeybd (but the same procedure applies with a real MIDI device) to a MIDI synthetizer: amsynth.

dnf install amsynth vkeybd

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Once you have started amsynth and vkeybd, you will see new connections on the QJackCtl’s Graph window.

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In this window, the red slots correspond to the Jack Audio MIDI connections whereas the purple ones correspond to the ALSA MIDI connections. Jack MIDI connections talk only to Jack MIDI connections. And the same for ALSA. If you want to connect a Jack MIDI connection to an ALSA MIDI connection, you will need to use a MIDI gateway: a2jmidid. You can read some more informations in the Ardour manual.

We have now covered some main topics of the audio under Fedora Linux. But there are a lot more things you can do.

Other possibilities

You can do multitrack recording with ardour, qtractor or zrythm.

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You can do live coding using SuperCollider or SonicPi.

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Use some block connected language to perform many things: PureData

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There is also a great audio looper available: SooperLooper.

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You can do live rehearsal through the internet: Jamulus.

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Want to become the new famous DJ: have a look at Mixxx

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Webography

Some links now:

Here is a YouTube video where I play guitar through Guitarix and I use TuxGuitar to play the backing tracks in real time. Both TuxGuitar and Guitarix are sent through non-mixer which is a small mixing application. To be able to record the audio of the session “on the fly”, I also use timemachine. And to avoid reconnecting everything each time I want to play guitar, I use Ray Session to start every application and connect all the Jack Audio connections.

I also made a small demonstration of the use of Jamulus for a live rehearsal. On this YouTube video, I use Jamulus, QJackCtl, Guitarix mainly. The second guitarix is 30 km away. The latency was around 15 ms. It’s quite small and hardly noticable.

On this YouTube video, I tried to make some comparison between various SF2 / SF3 soundfont files. I used a GuitarPro file for the Opeth’s song “epilogue”.

On this YouTube video, I use MuseScore to play a GuitarPro file and I play along while my guitar sound is processed by Guitarix.

Here, it’s a live performance with a dancer. TuxGuitar + Non Session Manager + Non Mixer + Guitarix. I always used this kind of combination and Linux has never hanged … Finger crossed !

Some compositions made with LMMS on Fedora 25 to 32. Using some really nice plugins like Surge, NoiseMaker from DISTRHO package and others. All these compositions are libre music and are hosted on Jamendo.

If you need some help:

• LinuxMusicians: a great place with skilled people willing to help
• LinuxMAO: if you speak french, this is the place to be. A lot of resources related to various software.
• LinuxAudio: another great website with various ressources to help.

E3 might not have gone ahead this year, but in its place, there has been plenty of online events. We’ve had EA Play, Ubisoft Forward, a Nintendo Direct Mini, and many other broadcasts showcasing various upcoming games.

The next big event on the horizon is this year’s all-digital Gamescom show. As you might recall, it starts on 27th August (that’s next week) and will feature games from all sorts of publishers.

Geoff Keighley – the host of the opening ceremony – has now taken to Twitter to share the following video. He says the opening show will be a two-hour showcase, featuring over 20 games with brand new content – ranging from “next-gen stuff” to “indie stuff”, to the “biggest games in the world”. He’ll start revealing more about it tomorrow.

As already mentioned, there are more than 80 partners sharing announcements across three packed days.

Although Nintendo won’t be attending, some of the bigger partners that will be making an appearance include Activision Blizzard, Bandai Namco, Bethesda, Electronic Arts, Sega Europe, Ubisoft and team Xbox. Some other notable companies you can expect to see include Bossa Studios, Curve Digital, Dotemu, Merge Games and Strictly Limited Games.

You can see the full list of partners in our previous post and check out the full Gamescom schedule over on the official website. Will you be tuning in? Leave a comment down below.

To break one line into multiple lines in Python, use an opening parenthesis in the line you want to break. Now, Python expects the closing parenthesis in one of the next lines and the expression is evaluated across line boundaries. As an alternative, you can also use the backslash \ just in front of the line break to escape the newline character.

After publishing an article on how to condense multiple lines into a single line of Python code, many Finxters asked: How to break a long line to multiple lines in Python? This article shows you the best way of breaking a long-winded one-liner into multiple lines to improve readability and unclutter your code.

Problem: Given a long line of Python code. How to break it into multiple lines?

There are multiple ways of breaking this into multiple lines. Let’s get an overview first:

Exercise: Run the code. What’s the output? Modify Method 3 and write it as a one-liner again!

We now dive into each of those methods.

Method 1: Implicit Line Continuation — Use Parentheses to Avoid Line Break Backslashes

The PEP 8 – Style Guide argues that the best way to break long lines into multiple lines of code is to use implicit line continuation by using parentheses. An opening parenthesis signals to Python that the expression has not finished, yet. So, the Python interpreter keeps looking in the following line to close the currently open expression. This way, you can rewrite any Python one-liner to a multi-liner just by using one or more pairs of parentheses.

Here’s the original statement from the PEP 8 style guide (emphasis by me):

The preferred way of wrapping long lines is by using Python’s implied line continuation inside parentheses, brackets and braces. If necessary, you can add an extra pair of parentheses around an expression, but sometimes using a backslash looks better. Make sure to indent the continued line appropriately.

Do you need an example for implicit line continuation? Here it is:

# Long Line

a = list(zip(['Alice', 'Bob', 'Liz', 'Ann'], [18, 24, 19, 16])) # Implicit Line Continuation

b = list(zip(['Alice', 'Bob', 'Liz', 'Ann'], [18, 24, 19, 16])) print(a)

# [('Alice', 18), ('Bob', 24), ('Liz', 19), ('Ann', 16)] print(b)

# [('Alice', 18), ('Bob', 24), ('Liz', 19), ('Ann', 16)]

The long line a = list(zip(['Alice', 'Bob', 'Liz', 'Ann'], [18, 24, 19, 16])) zips together two lists to obtain the result [('Alice', 18), ('Bob', 24), ('Liz', 19), ('Ann', 16)]. You can rewrite this into multiple lines by using the existing parentheses. Note that it is good style to hierarchically align the lines in Python. In our example, the two lists are aligned when creating the multi-line statement to assign the variable b.

Remember: you can always break lines if an opened bracket, parenthesis, or bracelet has not been closed!

Method 2: Explicit Line Continuation — Use the Line Break Backslash \

However, what if you don’t want to introduce new parentheses into your expression? Can you still break up a one-liner into multiple lines?

The answer is: yes! Just use the line break backslash \ which you may call explicit line continuation. With the backslash, you can break at any position in your expression. Technically, the backslash character “escapes” the newline character that follows immediately afterwards. By escaping the newline character, it loses its meaning and Python simply ignores it. This way, you don’t have to introduce any new parentheses.

Here’s a minimal example that shows the flexibility with which you can break new lines this way:

a = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 - 5 * 2 b = 1 \ + 2 + \ 3 + 4\ - 5 *\ 2 print(a)

# 0 print(b)

# 0

Seeing the messy code in the previous example may cause you to ask:

Should a Line Break Before or After a Binary Operator?

I’ll give the following answer based on the PEP 8 Style Guide (highlights by me):

For decades the recommended style was to break after binary operators. But this can hurt readability in two ways:

• the operators tend to get scattered across different columns on the screen, and
• each operator is moved away from its operand and onto the previous line.

Here, the eye has to do extra work to tell which items are added and which are subtracted:

# Wrong:

results = (variable1 + variable2 + (variable3 - variable4) - variable5 - variable6)

To solve this readability problem, mathematicians and their publishers follow the opposite convention.

Donald Knuth explains the traditional rule in his Computers and Typesetting series: “Although formulas within a paragraph always break after binary operations and relations, displayed formulas always break before binary operations” [3].

Thus, the following code is proposed:

# Correct:

results = (variable1 + variable2 + (variable3 - variable4) - variable5 - variable6)

You can do both in Python but you should prefer the latter to improve readability of your code!

Method 3: Break a String by Using a Multi-Line String with Triple Quotes

Example: Say, you have the following long string from Romeo and Juliet:

s = 'Mistress! what, mistress! Juliet! fast, I warrant her, she:\n Why, lamb! why, lady! fie, you slug-a-bed!\n Why, love, I say! madam! sweet-heart! why, bride!\n What, not a word? you take your pennyworths now;\n Sleep for a week; for the next night, I warrant'

Note the newline character in the string: it’s really a multip-line string! Can you rewrite this into multiple lines to improve readability?

You can restructure strings by using the triple quotes that allows you to define a multi-line string without the newline character '\n' in the string. This significantly improves readability of multi-line strings! Here’s an example:

s1 = 'Mistress! what, mistress! Juliet! fast, I warrant her, she:\n Why, lamb! why, lady! fie, you slug-a-bed!\n Why, love, I say! madam! sweet-heart! why, bride!\n What, not a word? you take your pennyworths now;\n Sleep for a week; for the next night, I warrant' # MULTI-LINE

s2 = '''Mistress! what, mistress! Juliet! fast, I warrant her, she: Why, lamb! why, lady! fie, you slug-a-bed! Why, love, I say! madam! sweet-heart! why, bride! What, not a word? you take your pennyworths now; Sleep for a week; for the next night, I warrant''' print(s1 == s2)

# True

These are two ways of defining the same string. If you compare them, the result is True. However, the second way is far more readable and should be preferred!

Where to Go From Here?

Enough theory, let’s get some practice!

To become successful in coding, you need to get out there and solve real problems for real people. That’s how you can become a six-figure earner easily. And that’s how you polish the skills you really need in practice. After all, what’s the use of learning theory that nobody ever needs?

Practice projects is how you sharpen your saw in coding!

Do you want to become a code master by focusing on practical code projects that actually earn you money and solve problems for people?

Then become a Python freelance developer! It’s the best way of approaching the task of improving your Python skills—even if you are a complete beginner.

Join my free webinar “How to Build Your High-Income Skill Python” and watch how I grew my coding business online and how you can, too—from the comfort of your own home.

Join the free webinar now!

Epic Games is taking another swipe at Apple as Fortnite essentially sunsets on iOS, with the game maker holding an in-game tournament with special prizes that lampoon the tech giant.