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[Tut] Fix Installation Error of ‘unittest’ - xSicKxBot - 11-06-2022
Fix Installation Error of ‘unittest’
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<div class="kksr-legend" style="font-size: 19.2px;"> 5/5 – (1 vote) </div>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="988" height="496" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-18.png" alt="" class="wp-image-865812" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-18.png 988w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-18-300x151.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-18-768x386.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 988px) 100vw, 988px" /></figure>
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<p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">The <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html" data-type="URL" data-id="https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html" target="_blank">unittest</a></code> module is part of Python’s standard library for a long time. So in most cases, there’s no need to install it using something like <code>pip install unittest</code>. Simply run <code>import unittest</code> in your Python code and it works without installation.</p>
<p>In your Python code:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import unittest</pre>
<p>If you try to <code>pip install</code> it, you’ll get the following error <code>Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement unittest</code> that you can fix by not installing it in the first place (it already is)!</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="2-3" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">PS C:\Users\xcent> pip install unittest
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement unittest (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for unittest</pre>
<p class="has-base-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f449.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Recommended Tutorial</strong>: <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-check-unittest-package-version-in-python/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-check-unittest-package-version-in-python/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">How to Check ‘<code>unittest</code>‘ Package Version in Python?</a></p>
<p>Feel free to also check out our <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-run-tests-efficiently-in-pytest/" data-type="post" data-id="35742" target="_blank">full guide on the PyTest framework</a> which is great for testing purposes too!</p>
<h2>Python 2 Backport UnitTest2</h2>
<p>If you’re using Python 2, you can try installing the <code><a href="https://pypi.org/project/unittest2/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://pypi.org/project/unittest2/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">unittest2</a></code> package that is a backport for unit testing in Python 2.7. Then </p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">pip install unittest2</pre>
<p>Then add the following line to your Python code instead of <code>import unittest</code>:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import unittest2</pre>
<h2>Legacy Solutions to Install UnitTest Module</h2>
<p>For some very old Python versions, you may want to try this approach:</p>
<p class="has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background"><strong>Quick Fix:</strong> Python raises the <code>ImportError: No module named 'unittest'</code> when it cannot find the library <code>unittest</code>. The most frequent source of this error is that you haven’t installed <code>unittest</code> explicitly with <code>pip install unittest</code>. Alternatively, you may have different <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-check-your-python-version/" data-type="post" data-id="1371" target="_blank">Python versions</a> on your computer, and <code>unittest</code> is not installed for the particular version you’re using.</p>
<p>To fix this error, you can run the following command in your Windows shell:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">$ pip install unittest</pre>
<p>This simple command installs <code>unittest</code> in your virtual environment on Windows, Linux, and MacOS. It assumes that your <code>pip</code> version is updated. If it isn’t, use the following two commands in your terminal, command line, or shell (there’s no harm in doing it anyways):</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="generic" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">$ python -m pip install – upgrade pip
$ pip install pandas</pre>
<p class="has-base-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Note</strong>: Don’t copy and paste the <code>$</code> symbol. This is just to illustrate that you run it in your shell/terminal/command line. </p>
<p>The error might persist even after you have installed the <code>unittest</code> library. This likely happens because <code>pip</code> is installed but doesn’t reside in the path you can use. Although <code>pip</code> may be installed on your system the script is unable to locate it. Therefore, it is unable to install the library using <code>pip</code> in the correct path.</p>
<p>To fix the problem with the path in Windows follow the steps given next. </p>
<p><strong>Step 1</strong>: Open the folder where you installed Python by opening the command prompt and typing <code>where python</code></p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="594" height="121" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-35.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28221" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-35.png 594w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-35-300x61.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px" /></figure>
<p><strong>Step 2</strong>: Once you have opened the <code>Python</code> folder, browse and open the <code>Scripts</code> folder and copy its location. Also verify that the folder contains the <code>pip</code> file.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="212" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-37-1024x212.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28224" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-37-1024x212.png 1024w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-37-300x62.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-37-768x159.png 768w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-37.png 1328w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
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<p><strong>Step 3</strong>: Now open the <code>Scripts</code> directory in the command prompt using the <code>cd</code> command and the location that you copied previously. </p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="800" height="140" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-38.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28225" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-38.png 800w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-38-300x53.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/image-38-768x134.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></figure>
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<p><strong>Step 4</strong>: Now install the library using <code>pip install unittest</code> command. Here’s an analogous example:</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="594" height="163" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/pip-path.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-28226"/></figure>
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<p>After having followed the above steps, execute our script once again. And you should get the desired output.</p>
<h2>Other Solution Ideas</h2>
<ul>
<li>The <code data-enlighter-language="generic" class="EnlighterJSRAW">ModuleNotFoundError</code> may appear due to <strong>relative imports</strong>. You can learn everything about relative imports and how to create your own module in <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-write-a-python-module-package/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-write-a-python-module-package/" target="_blank">this article</a>. </li>
<li>You may have mixed up Python and pip versions on your machine. In this case, to install <code>unittest</code> for Python 3, you may want to try <code>python3 -m pip install unittest</code> or even <code>pip3 install unittest</code> instead of <code>pip install unittest</code></li>
<li>If you face this issue server-side, you may want to try the command <code>pip install – user unittest</code></li>
<li>If you’re using Ubuntu, you may want to try this command: <code>sudo apt install unittest</code> </li>
<li>You can check out our in-depth guide on <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-install-unittest-in-python" data-type="URL" data-id="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-install-unittest-in-python" target="_blank">installing <code>unittest</code> here</a>. </li>
<li>You can also check out <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-fix-importerror-cannot-import-name-x-in-python/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-fix-importerror-cannot-import-name-x-in-python/" target="_blank">this article</a> to learn more about possible problems that may lead to an error when importing a library. </li>
</ul>
<h2>Understanding the “import” Statement</h2>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">import unittest</pre>
<p>In Python, the <code>import</code> statement serves two main purposes:</p>
<ul>
<li>Search the module by its name, load it, and initialize it.</li>
<li>Define a name in the local namespace within the scope of the <code>import</code> statement. This local name is then used to reference the accessed module throughout the code.</li>
</ul>
<h2>What’s the Difference Between ImportError and ModuleNotFoundError?</h2>
<p>What’s the difference between <code>ImportError</code> and <code>ModuleNotFoundError</code>? </p>
<p>Python defines an <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#exception-hierarchy" data-type="URL" data-id="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#exception-hierarchy" target="_blank">error hierarchy</a>, so some error classes <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/inheritance-in-python-harry-potter-example/" data-type="post" data-id="2179" target="_blank">inherit</a> from other error classes. In our case, the <code>ModuleNotFoundError</code> is a subclass of the <code>ImportError</code> class.</p>
<p>You can see this in this screenshot from the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#exception-hierarchy" data-type="URL" data-id="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#exception-hierarchy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">docs</a>:</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="906" height="385" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/image-37.png" alt="" class="wp-image-77708" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/image-37.png 906w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/image-37-300x127.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/image-37-768x326.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px" /></figure>
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<p>You can also check this relationship using the <code><a href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-issubclass/" data-type="post" data-id="23648" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">issubclass()</a></code> built-in function:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> issubclass(ModuleNotFoundError, ImportError)
True</pre>
<p>Specifically, Python raises the <code>ModuleNotFoundError</code> if the module (e.g., <code>unittest</code>) cannot be found. If it can be found, there may be a problem loading the module or some specific files within the module. In those cases, Python would raise an <code>ImportError</code>.</p>
<p class="has-text-align-left has-black-color has-text-color has-background" style="background-color:#fff8e6">If an import statement cannot import a module, it raises an <span class="has-inline-color has-contrast-color"><code>ImportError</code></span>. This may occur because of a faulty installation or an invalid path. In <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/check-python-version-in-your-script-a-helpful-illustrated-guide/" data-type="post" data-id="9010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Python 3.6 or newer</a>, this will usually raise a <span class="has-inline-color has-contrast-color"><code>ModuleNotFoundError</code></span>.</p>
<h2>Related Videos</h2>
<p>The following video shows you how to resolve the <code>ImportError</code>:</p>
<figure class="wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube"><a href="https://blog.finxter.com/fix-installation-error-of-unittest/"><img src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-youtube-lyte/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2F20sWJ2sImVo%2Fhqdefault.jpg" alt="YouTube Video"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
<p>The following video shows you how to <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-call-a-function-from-another-file-in-python/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-call-a-function-from-another-file-in-python/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">import a function from another folder</a>—doing it the wrong way often results in the <code>ModuleNotFoundError</code>:</p>
<figure class="wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube"><a href="https://blog.finxter.com/fix-installation-error-of-unittest/"><img src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-youtube-lyte/lyteCache.php?origThumbUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FL8N4mkq-tgo%2Fhqdefault.jpg" alt="YouTube Video"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
<p>Here’s a full guide on how to install a library on PyCharm. </p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.finxter.com/how-to-install-a-library-on-pycharm/" data-type="post" data-id="22469" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">How to Install a Library on PyCharm</a></li>
</ul>
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