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[Tut] How to Convert an Octal Escape Sequence in Python – And Vice Versa? - xSicKxBot - 12-08-2022 How to Convert an Octal Escape Sequence in Python – And Vice Versa? <div> <div class="kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top" data-payload='{"align":"left","id":"958372","slug":"default","valign":"top","ignore":"","reference":"auto","class":"","count":"1","legendonly":"","readonly":"","score":"5","best":"5","gap":"5","greet":"Rate this post","legend":"5\/5 - (1 vote)","size":"24","width":"142.5","_legend":"{score}\/{best} - ({count} {votes})","font_factor":"1.25"}'> <div class="kksr-stars"> <div class="kksr-stars-inactive"> <div class="kksr-star" data-star="1" style="padding-right: 5px"> <div class="kksr-icon" style="width: 24px; height: 24px;"></div> </p></div> <div class="kksr-star" data-star="2" style="padding-right: 5px"> <div class="kksr-icon" style="width: 24px; height: 24px;"></div> </p></div> <div class="kksr-star" data-star="3" style="padding-right: 5px"> <div class="kksr-icon" style="width: 24px; height: 24px;"></div> </p></div> <div class="kksr-star" data-star="4" style="padding-right: 5px"> <div class="kksr-icon" style="width: 24px; height: 24px;"></div> </p></div> <div class="kksr-star" data-star="5" style="padding-right: 5px"> <div class="kksr-icon" style="width: 24px; height: 24px;"></div> </p></div> </p></div> <div class="kksr-stars-active" style="width: 142.5px;"> <div class="kksr-star" style="padding-right: 5px"> <div class="kksr-icon" style="width: 24px; height: 24px;"></div> </p></div> <div class="kksr-star" style="padding-right: 5px"> <div class="kksr-icon" style="width: 24px; height: 24px;"></div> </p></div> <div class="kksr-star" style="padding-right: 5px"> <div class="kksr-icon" style="width: 24px; height: 24px;"></div> </p></div> <div class="kksr-star" style="padding-right: 5px"> <div class="kksr-icon" style="width: 24px; height: 24px;"></div> </p></div> <div class="kksr-star" style="padding-right: 5px"> <div class="kksr-icon" style="width: 24px; height: 24px;"></div> </p></div> </p></div> </div> <div class="kksr-legend" style="font-size: 19.2px;"> 5/5 – (1 vote) </div> </div> <p>This tutorial will show you how to convert an </p> <ul> <li><strong>octal escape sequence</strong> to a <strong>Python string</strong>, and a</li> <li><strong>Python string</strong> to an <strong>octal escape sequence</strong>.</li> </ul> <p>But let’s quickly recap what an octal escape sequence is in the first place! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f447.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="894" height="596" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-107.png" alt="" class="wp-image-958440" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-107.png 894w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-107-300x200.png 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-107-768x512.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 894px) 100vw, 894px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>This is you and your friend celebrating after having solved this problem! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f973.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></em></figcaption></figure> </div> <h2>What Is An Octal Escape Sequence?<img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></h2> <p class="has-base-background-color has-background">An <strong>Octal Escape Sequence</strong> is a backslash followed by 1-3 octal digits (<code>0-7</code>) such as <code>\150</code> which encodes the ASCII character <code>'h'</code>. Each octal escape sequence encodes one character (except invalid octal sequence <code>\000</code>). You can chain together multiple octal escape sequences to obtain a word.</p> <h2>Problem Formulation</h2> <p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f4ac.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Question</strong>: How to convert an octal escape sequence to a string and vice versa in Python?</p> <h2>Examples</h2> <figure class="wp-block-table is-style-stripes"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Octal</th> <th>String</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>\101 <code>\</code>102 <code>\</code>103</code></td> <td><code>'ABC'</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code><code>\</code>101 <code>\</code>040 <code>\</code>102 <code>\</code>040 <code>\</code>103</code></td> <td><code>'A B C'</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>\141 <code>\</code>142 <code>\</code>143</code></td> <td><code>'abc'</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>\150 <code>\</code>145 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>157</code></td> <td><code>'hello'</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>\150 <code>\</code>145 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>157 <code>\</code>040 <code>\</code>167 <code>\</code>157 <code>\</code>162 <code>\</code>154 <code>\</code>144</code></td> <td><code>'hello world'</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </figure> <h2>Python Octal to String Built-In Conversion</h2> <p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">You don’t need to “convert” an octal escape sequence to a Unicode string if you already have it represented by a bytes object. Python automatically resolves the encoding.</p> <p>See here:</p> <pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">>>> b'\101\102\103' b'ABC' >>> b'101\040\102\040\103' b'101 B C' >>> b'\101\040\102\040\103' b'A B C' >>> b'\141\142\143' b'abc' >>> b'\150\145\154\154\157' b'hello' >>> b'\150\145\154\154\157\040\167\157\162\154\144' b'hello world'</pre> <h2>Python Octal to String Explicit Conversion</h2> <p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">The <code>bytes.decode('unicode-escape')</code> function converts a given <code>bytes</code> object represented by an (octal) escape sequence to a Python string. For example, <code>br'\101'.decode('unicode-escape')</code> yields the Unicode (string) character <code>'A'</code>.</p> <pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="3" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">def octal_to_string(x): ''' Converts an octal escape sequence to a string''' return x.decode('unicode-escape')</pre> <p><strong>Example</strong>: Convert the octal representations presented above:</p> <pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">octals = [br'\101\102\103', br'\101\040\102\040\103', br'\141\142\143', br'\150\145\154\154\157', br'\150\145\154\154\157\040\167\157\162\154\144'] for octal in octals: print(octal_to_string(octal)) </pre> <p>This leads to the following expected output:</p> <pre class="wp-block-preformatted"><code>ABC A B C abc hello hello world</code></pre> </p> <h2>Python String to Octal</h2> <p class="has-global-color-8-background-color has-background">To convert a Python string to an octal escape sequence representation, iterate over each character <code>c</code> and convert it to an octal escape sequence using <code>oct(ord©)</code>. </p> <p>The result uses octal representation such as <code>'0o123'</code>. You can do string manipulation, such as <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/introduction-to-slicing-in-python/" data-type="post" data-id="731" target="_blank">slicing</a> and <a href="https://blog.finxter.com/daily-python-puzzle-string-concatenation/" data-type="post" data-id="93">string concatenation</a>, to bring it into the final version <code>'\123'</code>, for instance.</p> <p>Here’s the function that converts string to octal escape sequence format:</p> <pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="3" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">def string_to_octal(x): ''' Converts a string to an octal escape sequence''' return '\\' + '\\'.join(oct(ord©)[2:] for c in x)</pre> <p><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/2705.png" alt="✅" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>Background</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>The <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-ord-function/" data-type="post" data-id="21913" target="_blank">ord()</a></code> function takes a character (=string of length one) as an input and returns the Unicode number of this character. For example, <code>ord('a')</code> returns the Unicode number <code>97</code>. The inverse function of <code>ord()</code> is the <code>chr()</code> function, so <code>chr(ord('a'))</code> returns the original character <code>'a'</code>.</li> <li>The <code><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://blog.finxter.com/python-oct-function/" data-type="post" data-id="24365" target="_blank">oct()</a></code> function takes one integer argument and returns an octal string with prefix <code>"0o"</code>.</li> </ul> <p>Let’s check how our strings can be converted to the octal escape sequence representation using this function:</p> <pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">strings = ['ABC', 'A B C', 'abc', 'hello', 'hello world'] for s in strings: print(string_to_octal(s))</pre> <p>And here’s the expected output:</p> <pre class="wp-block-preformatted"><code>\101\102\103 \101\40\102\40\103 \141\142\143 \150\145\154\154\157 \150\145\154\154\157\40\167\157\162\154\144</code></pre> <p>If you don’t like the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://pythononeliners.com/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://pythononeliners.com/" target="_blank">one-liner</a> solution provided above, feel free to use this multi-liner instead that may be easier to read:</p> <pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="python" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">def string_to_octal(x): ''' Converts a string to an octal escape sequence''' result = '' for c in x: result += '\\' + oct(ord©)[2:] return result</pre> <p>If you want to train your Python one-liner skills instead, check out my book! <img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/14.0.0/72x72/1f447.png" alt="?" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></p> <h2>Python One-Liners Book: Master the Single Line First!</h2> <p><strong>Python programmers will improve their computer science skills with these useful one-liners.</strong></p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-medium is-resized"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07ZY7XMX8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/3D_cover-1024x944.jpg" alt="Python One-Liners" class="wp-image-10007" width="512" height="472" srcset="https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/3D_cover-scaled.jpg 1024w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/3D_cover-300x277.jpg 300w, https://blog.finxter.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/3D_cover-768x708.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /></a></figure> </div> <p><a href="https://amzn.to/2WAYeJE" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" title="https://amzn.to/2WAYeJE"><em>Python One-Liners</em> </a>will teach you how to read and write “one-liners”: <strong><em>concise statements of useful functionality packed into a single line of code. </em></strong>You’ll learn how to systematically unpack and understand any line of Python code, and write eloquent, powerfully compressed Python like an expert.</p> <p>The book’s five chapters cover (1) tips and tricks, (2) regular expressions, (3) machine learning, (4) core data science topics, and (5) useful algorithms. </p> <p>Detailed explanations of one-liners introduce <strong><em>key computer science concepts </em></strong>and<strong><em> boost your coding and analytical skills</em></strong>. 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