Summary: Use one of the following ways to read a file line by line and store into a list:

• Using The readlines And strip Method
• Using rstrip()
• Use the for Loop and strip() method
• Use splitlines()
• Use The pathlib Library And The splitlines() Method
• Use List Comprehension

Problem: How to read every line of a file in Python and store each line as an element in a list?

In this article we are going to discuss how we can –

• Read a file line by line.
• Then store it in a list.

Let us have a look at an example given below that we will be referring while discussing the solutions.

Given File:

Output:

['Jeff Bezos', 'Bill Gates', 'Mark Zuckerberg', 'Bernard Arnault & family', 'Mukesh Ambani', 'Steve Ballmer', 'Warren Buffett', 'Larry Page', 'Elon Musk', 'Sergey Brin']

In the above example we have a file by the name test.txt that stores the names of few well known personalities . Our purpose is to read each line (which in this case contains names) one by one and store them in a list.

Note: The file taken into consideration is the same file as mentioned in the example above. Therefore the solution derived is in accordance to the same file. I have attached the file below   for your convenience. Please feel free to download it in case you want to practice with it.

Without further delay let us dive into the solutions.

Method 1: Using The readlines And strip Methods

• readlines() is a built-in method in Python used to read a file line by line and then store each line in a list.
• string.strip(): Removes leading and trailing whitespaces including newline characters ‘\n’ and tabular characters ‘\t’.

We are going to use the readlines() method to read the file line by line while the strip() method is used to get rid of the new line character '\n' while storing the elements in the list. Let us have a look at the following program to visualize how we can solve our problem using the above mentioned methods.

with open('test.txt') as f: content = f.readlines()

# you may also want to remove whitespace characters like `\n` at the end of each line

li = [x.strip() for x in content]

print(li)

Output:

['Jeff Bezos', 'Bill Gates', 'Mark Zuckerberg', 'Bernard Arnault & family', 'Mukesh Ambani', 'Steve Ballmer', 'Warren Buffett', 'Larry Page', 'Elon Musk', 'Sergey Brin']

Method 2: Using line.rstrip()

string.rstrip() is a built-in function in Python removes all whitespaces on the right of the string (trailing whitespaces). Thus, we can use it to strip or separate elements out of each line and then store them in a list using the [] notation.

Example:

with open('test.txt') as f: lines = [line.rstrip() for line in f]

print(lines)

Output:

['Jeff Bezos', 'Bill Gates', 'Mark Zuckerberg', 'Bernard Arnault & family', 'Mukesh Ambani', 'Steve Ballmer', 'Warren Buffett', 'Larry Page', 'Elon Musk', 'Sergey Brin']

Method 3: Using the for Loop and strip() method

Another approach to our problem is to use a for loop to iterate over the lines in the file one by one and then append them to a list using the append() function. The strip() function again comes into play which allows us to strip the newline character.

with open("test.txt") as file_in: lines = [] for line in file_in: lines.append(line.strip('\n')) print(lines)

Output:

['Jeff Bezos', 'Bill Gates', 'Mark Zuckerberg', 'Bernard Arnault & family', 'Mukesh Ambani', 'Steve Ballmer', 'Warren Buffett', 'Larry Page', 'Elon Musk', 'Sergey Brin']

Method 4: Using splitlines()

❖ splitlines() is an inbuilt function in Python which is used to split a string breaking at line boundaries.

Example:

# Open the file for reading.

with open('test.txt', 'r') as infile: data = infile.read() # Read the contents of the file into memory. # Return a list of the lines, breaking at line boundaries.

li = data.splitlines()

print(li)

Output:

['Jeff Bezos', 'Bill Gates', 'Mark Zuckerberg', 'Bernard Arnault & family', 'Mukesh Ambani', 'Steve Ballmer', 'Warren Buffett', 'Larry Page', 'Elon Musk', 'Sergey Brin']

 In the solution above, we’re opening the file for reading and assigning it to the variable ‘infile.’ Once the code has finished running, the file will be automatically closed. Then we use the splitlines() method to store it in a list by storing each line of the file as a separate element.

Method 5: Using The pathlib Library And The splitlines() Method

The pathlib library was introduced in Python 3.4 and has a handy method known as read_text() which is a nice way to read the file without having to worry about opening or closing it. The splitlines function turns the contents of the file to a list containing the elements of the file line by line.

Example:

from pathlib import Path

p = Path('test.txt')

lines = p.read_text().splitlines()

print(lines)

Output:

['Jeff Bezos', 'Bill Gates', 'Mark Zuckerberg', 'Bernard Arnault & family', 'Mukesh Ambani', 'Steve Ballmer', 'Warren Buffett', 'Larry Page', 'Elon Musk', 'Sergey Brin']

Method 6: Using List Comprehension

List comprehension is a compact way of creating lists. The simple formula is [expression + context].

• Expression: What to do with each list element?
• Context: What elements to select? The context consists of an arbitrary number of for and if statements.

The example [x for x in range(3)] creates the list [0, 1, 2].

If you want to learn more about list comprehensions, please have a look at our blog tutorial here. Now let us have a look at a one-line solution to our problem using list comprehension.

print([line.rstrip() for line in open('test.txt')])

output:

['Jeff Bezos', 'Bill Gates', 'Mark Zuckerberg', 'Bernard Arnault & family', 'Mukesh Ambani', 'Steve Ballmer', 'Warren Buffett', 'Larry Page', 'Elon Musk', 'Sergey Brin']

Method 7: Reading a csv File Line By Line And Store In a List

Thus far we have seen how we can read a text file line by line and store the elements in a list. Now let us discuss how we can do the same for a csv file. The approach used by us, in this case, is the pandas library in Python which allows us to read the data from the csv file and store the values in an array. We can convert the array to a list using the tolist() method.

The file that we are going to mention in the example to follow looks like the one given blow.

Now let us have a look at the solution to our problem in the program given below.

import pandas as pd

data = pd.read_csv('test.csv') # You can also add parameters such as header, sep, etc.

array = data.values

print(array.tolist())

Output:

[['Bill Gates'], ['Mark Zuckerberg'], ['Bernard Arnault & family'], ['Mukesh Ambani'], ['Steve Ballmer'], ['Warren Buffett'], ['Larry Page'], ['Elon Musk'], ['Sergey Brin']]

Conclusion

I hope that after reading this article you can read files line by line and then store the elements in a list such that each line represents an element of the list. Please subscribe and stay tuned for more interesting articles!

Where to Go From Here?

Enough theory, let’s get some practice!

To become successful in coding, you need to get out there and solve real problems for real people. That’s how you can become a six-figure earner easily. And that’s how you polish the skills you really need in practice. After all, what’s the use of learning theory that nobody ever needs?

Practice projects is how you sharpen your saw in coding!

Do you want to become a code master by focusing on practical code projects that actually earn you money and solve problems for people?

Then become a Python freelance developer! It’s the best way of approaching the task of improving your Python skills—even if you are a complete beginner.

Join my free webinar “How to Build Your High-Income Skill Python” and watch how I grew my coding business online and how you can, too—from the comfort of your own home.

Join the free webinar now!

The post How to Read a File Line-By-Line and Store Into a List? first appeared on Finxter.

The customary teardown of the iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro reveals changes Apple has made to the design of the models to accommodate 5G support, as well as how strikingly similar the two models are internally.

The iPhone 12 and Pro cameras, as well as a camera spacer [via iFixit]

A side-by-side component view of the iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro [via iFixit]

We are proud to announce the launch of the MSN Esports Hub, a one-stop destination for information related to top esports titles! The data is powered in part by a combination of Microsoft Bing web-scale aggregation and cutting-edge machine learning courtesy of Microsoft Research. Fans of League of Legends, Valorant, CS:GO, DotA2, Overwatch, Fortnite, PUBG, Call of Duty, Rainbow Six, and Rocket League can watch the most popular streamers, catch up on the latest news, and stay-up-to-date with upcoming tournaments in a fast, intuitive experience on both desktop and mobile.

One Stop Esports Shop

The esports hub is powered partially by Bing data to provide you with a broad range of information for the games you are interested in. The home page provides a quick snapshot of the top information and allows you to filter to specific games and dive deeper into specific areas of interest.

We believe that what matters most to gamers is the game, not the platform, so we provide streams from both YouTube and Twitch, with more platforms coming soon. We also leverage machine learning and web-scale aggregation to provide fresh content from hundreds of news sites, including top esports content providers like DotEsports, GamesRadar, ESTNN, GosuGamers, and many more.
 

More Ways to Find Streams and Streamers to Love

Searching for streams on Twitch, YouTube, and Facebook Gaming is easy, right? You just choose a title and you see the most popular streamers currently online. There’s only one problem. This creates a center of gravity whereby popular streamers always show up at the top of the results and get more viewers, making them even more popular. What if you want to find terrific emerging streamers or perhaps content by streamers who play the maps, modes, and characters you are interested in?

Microsoft Research has developed technology to watch tens of thousands of streamers in real-time, apply cutting-edge machine vision models, and extract out the same kind of information that a human can. Which streamers are currently playing your favorite Overwatch hero or League of Legends champion? Which Fortnite players have the most eliminations in the mid-game? We know the answers to these questions at any given moment and provide you with sorts and filters to bring the most relevant streams to the top of your page.

We are actively working on new machine vision models and would love to get your suggestions on what to watch for next. Send us your suggestions on Twitter or chat with us on our Discord!
 

Tournaments, Top to Bottom

Esports is rapidly growing in audience with around half a billion fans around the world. That’s something like 20% of all gamers worldwide! With so many events happening in so many countries and at so many levels of competition, it’s hard to keep up. We are collecting data from studios, esports websites, esports data aggregators, and amateur event organizers to provide you with a full picture of what is going on. Whether it’s an amateur tournament in your neighborhood or the League of Legends World Championships, our goal is to make sure you know about it. Find out important dates, prize pools, and even register to compete! It’s all here for you. There are more online competitions now than ever; over the last 12 months we tracked more than 1275 tournaments.

All the Match Information, Before, During, and After the Game

With so many events happening, there is so much to watch! We provide you with detailed schedules for your favorite titles and teams. See what is coming up, watch live games, and get detailed stats on Bing after the event is over, including in-game stats, MVP players, rankings, and win percentages for various champions, maps, and more! We have information on more than 23K in more than 100 regions.

Fresh and Relevant esports News

It’s tough finding the best news for your favorite games. There are plenty of sites out there, but sometimes it takes days for them to publish articles and the quality can vary from place to place. We have leveraged machine learning and Microsoft Bing search technology to identify fresh content from more than 3K publishers around the web. This results in more than 500 articles a day on average. We take that mass of information, identify the games being discussed, cluster similar articles, then present you with fresh and relevant content the moment you land on the page. You can read more from the Microsoft News team here.

Made by Fans, for Fans

Our team at Microsoft is comprised of esports fanatics from Bing, Microsoft Research, MSN, Xbox, and others around the company. We have been quietly working for several years now to bring together the necessary technologies to make this possible, basing our work on conversations with fans, streamers, pro teams, and everyday viewers like you! We would love to know what you think about our new hub. Please check it out, share your thoughts on Twitter and, if you really want to get involved, join the conversation with our engineers on our Discord. We are excited to chat with you and would love to get your feedback to help shape the future of this and other Microsoft esports offerings!
 

Launching on Switch next week in Europe – and a little later in North America – is a video game adaptation of the hit TV show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? It has all your favourite things from the show, like tough questions, lifelines, and lots of money to be won, but it also has a battle royale mode?

Developed by Appeal Studios, the game will feature six different iconic TV sets as seen in the British, American, French, Spanish, Italian and German versions of the show. The questions you’ll come up against have also been specially adapted for each of these regions, meaning those of you in the US shouldn’t have too many questions about tea, James Bond and Manchester United. Or whatever it is other countries think the UK is obsessed with these days.

There’s a solo mode with a ‘normal’ difficulty, as well as a kids mode with easier questions. It also boasts a wide range of multiplayer modes, including that battle royale option we were talking about:

• The mode “Free-for-All” will see 4 players compete to find who will answer a series of question. May the best one win!
• In “Taking Turns“, gather up to 10 players for a stressful game of sudden death where a wrong answer means you’re eliminated.
• In the “Cooperative” mode, team up with 3 other players and work together to reach the goal!
• Battle against up to 99 players in a “Battle Royale” mode and try to reach the top position!

The game will be available on Switch on 29th October in Europe and on 17th November in the US. It’s currently available to view on the European eShop and is priced at £35.99.

Are you a fan of the show? Will you be ditching Super Mario Bros. 35 and Tetris 99 for this game’s brainteasing battle royale mode? Tell us below.

© Nintendo Life

Earlier today you may have caught the latest quote from a certain well-known analyst suggesting that Nintendo would do well to scrap the standard Switch entirely and concentrate on the handheld-only Switch Lite model.

We (and most industry onlookers, we’d wager) would argue that the console’s namesake hybrid nature is its greatest strength, and that the Switch Lite simply offers a cheaper alternative for handheld fans and budget-conscious gamers — a great additional pillar to expand Nintendo’s audience.

Without wanting to focus on questionable takes, we thought it might be interesting to see how you split your Switch gaming time between modes with a little poll. Back in October 2017, Nintendo’s own data suggested that 30% of players used the Switch almost exclusively in handheld mode versus 20% who played in docked mode only, with the remaining 50% of players who switched between the two. We wonder if that’s still true three years later.

Below are a selection of handheld-to-docked mode percentages — simply click on the ratio that best reflects how you use your (standard) Switch, and click the ‘Vote’ button at the bottom to give us a better picture of how things stand in 2020.

Thanks for voting. Do the results surprise you? Has how you use your Switch changed over time? Let us know in the usual place.

This week at Bungie, we talk story and sandbox.

Before we kick this TWAB off, I have to ask: Have you watched the new story trailer for Beyond Light yet? No? While we aren’t going to dive deeply into spoiler territory between now and launch, this is the moment where we say it’s time for you to go dark if you’re looking to experience the expansion with no knowledge of what’s coming.

If you’re hungry, it’s time to dig in.

Soon, you’ll be exploring Europa, in search of answers. Whether you be a lone wolf or part of a fireteam, we’ll leave that path for you to walk.

110? Meet 120 

Two weeks ago, we began a conversation about sandbox tuning for Beyond Light. Armor modifications are getting some hefty changes, from reloads to raids. If you missed it, check out the October 8 TWAB. This week, our focus shifts to the weapons in your arsenal. As with our mods preview, we have a collection of patch notes accompanied by developer commentary. Alright, we ready?

Let’s pass the microphone over to the Dev Team for some juicy details.

Dev team: Hello! Today, we’ll be covering some changes to a few specific weapons and weapon families. For those of you who don’t have much knowledge of our sandbox, each weapon has a specific “frame” that is also tied to its associated rate of fire (RoF). We’ve included both of these for a bit of clarity, as many players default to RoF when talking about various weapons. As an example, “Aggressive” Hand Cannons currently have a RoF of 110 rounds per minute.

Hand Cannons: We’re making changes to give hand cannon subfamilies more diversity, and more reasons to use each.

At this time, Lightweight (150 ROF) Hand Cannons represent the majority of Hand Cannon usage in the Crucible. While we experimented with many different ways to even out Lightweights (150 ROF) and Adaptives (140 ROF), Lightweight Hand Cannons consistently retained a faster time to kill (TTK). As such, we opted to equalize their ROF.

We selected 140 ROF as it is fairly balanced in the Crucible sandbox. It gives other weapon archetypes more time to breath between shots, avoids an overabundance of Hand Cannons with faster TTK than other weapons, and pairs nicely with upcoming changes to 600 ROF Auto Rifles (more on that below).

Sniper Rifles: We want Sniper Rifles to feel powerful, without being so easy to use that they dominate.

Some of these changes look pretty hefty, and we’re looking forward to seeing your reactions. When first hearing that Aggressive Hand Cannons would be shifted to120 RPM, I wondered if it would be enough to push them into the hands of my Guardian. I can safely say after quite a few playtests, I have a bunch of new favorite Hand Cannons that have been waiting for their time to shine.

Now, let’s look to some new hotness coming soon to a Lighthouse near you.

(ADEPT) 

Before we let our friends on the Development Team go, we have a few more details concerning weapons to share with you. A few months back, we announced the return of Adept weapons to the Trials experience. Today, we’ll be spending some time getting you reacquainted with these tools of destruction, and how we’re laying the groundwork for future Adept weaponry. While these weapons are similar in name to the Adepts of Destiny 1, there are some added elements to embrace the weapon systems of Destiny 2. With that, we pass the mic back to the Development Team to give you a full rundown:

Dev Team: Beginning in Beyond Light, all existing Trials weapons have Adept versions. Our intent is for all new Trials weapons to have an Adept version in the future, with their infusion caps matching the Season they were introduced in. For our first round of Adepts, their infusion caps will be set to that of Season of the Worthy. Additionally, we will be introducing Adept weapon mods into the sandbox in Beyond Light, which can only be applied to Adept weaponry.

Adept Weapons 

As you can see, for those who reach the Lighthouse, your loot is about to get a little more spicy. While Adept rewards are coming first, we also have a Trials armor refresh planned for a future Season, after the stardust has settled from Beyond Light.

With that, we come to an end to our sandbox previews leading up to Beyond Light. Some of you may be asking, “Wait a minute, what about abilities?” In three short weeks, the abilities you’ve come to know and master will be challenged by the Darkness. Stasis will make its debut, bringing a new flavor of combat to the sandbox. The team will be watching closely as you embark on your first strikes, Gambit matches, and Crucible exercises to see how your abilities stack up against each other. It’s going to be a wild time, and we’re excited to see the Light clash with the Dark.

Prime Time Continues 

Rewards:

Once redeemed, you’ll find these at Amanda Holliday in the Tower’s hangar. Stay tuned for future updates!

Cipher Search 

Festival of the Lost has reached its halfway mark, and Destiny Player Support is keeping an eye out for scary bugs as we approach the final days of the event. While no major issues have been found, we do have a few reminders on items to complete, and a note on the Interference: Loop Triumph.

This is their report.

INTERFERENCE: LOOP TRIUMPH 

Due to the extension of Season of Arrivals, the Nokris encounter for the Interference weekly quest will remain for the remainder of the season. This means players who have missed a previous Interference encounter will be unable to access those encounters and will be unable to claim the “Interference: Loop” triumph.

TITLES

With the start of Year 4 on November 10, certain Seals and their associated Titles will no longer be available to earn. Players will need to be sure to unlock and equip the following Titles before this date to guarantee that the completions are recorded on their accounts:

Insert Witty Movie Reference Here 

I’ve been combing the internet, looking for spooky movies to watch during a Halloween marathon. While watching my own clips from the Crucible can be scary (how can someone be that bad!?), I’m looking for things that are slow burn. Half the movie spent setting the world up, introducing you to characters, then BAM. Weird stuff happening. Lights going out. Doors being mysteriously locked. People turning on each other while trying to do simple tasks to get the space station running. Mentions of suspicious behavior. Vents. Garbage disposals. That weird thing where you have to tap a button while disks spin.

Wait, that’s not a movie… ah well. Let’s get back on topic. While these movies aren’t so scary, they are entertaining! Let’s check out who won MOTW.

MOTW: Kingdom Come 

MOTW: Most of you are too young to understand this reference 

MOTW: Regent 

The days are continuing to grow shorter here in Seattle. Pretty soon, Destiny won’t be the only thing enveloped in Darkness. I for one can’t wait. Only two more TWABs stand between you and Europa.

Ah, and before we go – we’ve been seeing a lot of questions in the wild on how bounties, currencies, and progression systems will be updated in Beyond Light. We’re currently working to get the info together and making sure everything is factual. This isn’t a “preppers guide to the galaxy,” mind you. Just a heads up on how these systems are changing. Our current plan is to cover those topics next week! The most frequent question we’re seeing right now concerns bounties, and whether they’ll be cleared at the start of next Season.

Most of your bounties will stay intact, but any bounties tied to specific Seasonal activities or content entering the DCV will be removed on November 10. Examples would include Black Armory, Gambit Prime, or Festival of the Lost bounties. Additionally, any bounties that grant progression towards Infamy/Valor may negatively impact your powerful rewards, as they will be limited to Season of Arrivals Power Levels. Our recommendation is to go ahead and claim your bounties, just to make sure you don’t miss out on any XP or Glimmer.

More to come next week. See you then.

Cheers,

-dmg04

Character artist Jonah Lobe is one of the talented folks who built the ferocious monsters of The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. He’s an unparalleled creator of compelling video game creatures, and now you have the opportunity to learn from him in this December 4th GDC Masterclass!

Lobe’s iconic creatures aren’t just one of the defining features of Bethesda’s massively popular role-playing game, they’re also infused with a personal touch that has captured the attention of artists around the world.

His commitment to mixing the practical realities of game development with a vibrant artistic vision makes him one of the most reputable instructors in the world of game character art. And now you can learn from him in an interactive, tight-knit Masterclass!

In Lobe’s class, you’ll learn much of the following:

• Learn how to create characters and creatures that are strikingly original, totally plausible, and immediately iconic.
• Learn to target the foundations of your artistic ability by delving into the powers of line and shape, contrast and color theory, anatomy and personality.
• Discover how to develop new ideas and walk away ready to build.

This course also includes a free copy of Lobe’s Chimaera: A Creature Design Masterclass video, for further instruction to build on this course.

With Lobe’s help, you’ll improve the foundations of your artistic ability in order to create better creatures that can help your game shine.

Space is limited, be sure to sign up before all the seats are gone!

For more information on the GDC Masterclass program, be sure to visit our website or subscribe to regular updates via Facebook, Twitter, or RSS.