Summary: Use 'given_string'.splitlines(True) to split the string and also keep the new line character.

Minimal Example:

text = 'abc\nlmn\nxyz'

print(text.splitlines(True)) # OUTPUT: ['abc\n', 'lmn\n', 'xyz']

Problem Formulation

Problem: Given a string. How will you split the string into a list of substrings and keep the new line character intact?

Example: Let’s have a look at a test case to understand the given problem.

# Input

text = """Sun

Earth

Moon""" # Expected Output:

['Sun\n', 'Earth\n', 'Moon']

OR

['Sun', '\n', 'Earth', '\n', 'Moon']

Without further ado, let us now dive into the different solutions for the given problem.

Method 1: Use splitlines(True)

Approach: The splitlines() method is used to split the string at all line breaks. If you pass True as a parameter within the splitlines method, then the resultant list includes the newline character along with the substring/item.

Code:

text = """Sun

Earth

Moon"""

print(text.splitlines(True)) # OUTPUT: ['Sun\n', 'Earth\n', 'Moon']

Related Tutorial: Python String splitlines()

Method 2: Use regex

The re.split(pattern, string) method matches all occurrences of the pattern in the string and divides the string along the matches resulting in a list of strings between the matches. For example, re.split('a', 'bbabbbab') results in the list of strings ['bb', 'bbb', 'b']. Read more here – Python Regex Split.

Approach: Use re.split('(\W)', 'given_string') where the brackets() ensure the separators/delimiters are also stored in the list along with the word characters and \W is a special sequence that returns a match where it does not find any word characters in the given string. Here it is used to find the delimiters while splitting the string.

Code:

import re

text = """Sun

Earth

Moon"""

print(re.split('(\W)', text)) # OUTPUT: ['Sun', '\n', 'Earth', '\n', 'Moon']

Note: Instead of “\W” you are free to use any other expression that suits your needs however, make sure to enclose it within brackets to ensure that the newline characters (delimiter) are also included.

In case you do not want to include the separators as independent items, instead, you want to include them along with the split substrings/items, then you can simply split the given string using “\n” as the separator and then append or concatenate the newline character to each substring/item one by one except the last item. This is what you can do:-

import re

text = """Sun

Earth

Moon"""

res = re.split('\n', text)

output = []

for i in range(len(res)-1): output.append(res[i]+"\n")

output.append(res[-1])

print(output) # Alternate Formulation

res = [x+"\n" for x in re.split('\n', text)]

res[-1] = res[-1].strip('\n')

print(res) # OUTPUT: ['Sun\n', 'Earth\n', 'Moon']

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Method 3: Using a List Comprehension 

Approach: Use a list comprehension to split the given string using a for loop and the split() method and return each substring as an item and concatenate the separator (“new line character” in this case) along with the item. Note that the resultant list will have an extra “\n” character at the end. You can simply strip this new line character from the last element of the list.

Code:

text = """Sun

Earth

Moon"""

# split string and keep "\n"

res = [x+"\n" for x in text.split()]

# remove the extra "\n" character from the last item of the list res[-1] = res[-1].strip('\n')

print(res) # OUTPUT: ['Sun\n', 'Earth\n', 'Moon']

If you want the separator as an independent item in the list then go for the following expression –

text = """Sun

Earth

Moon"""

res = [u for x in text.split('\n') for u in (x, '\n')]

res.pop(-1)

print(res) # OUTPUT: ['Sun', '\n', 'Earth', '\n', 'Moon']

Conclusion

We have successfully solved the given problem using different approaches. I hope this article helped you in your Python coding journey. Please subscribe and stay tuned for more interesting articles.

Happy Pythoning!  

Related Reads:
⦿ Python | Split String by Newline
⦿ How To Split A String And Keep The Separators?
⦿ Python | Split String into Characters

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confirm() is a well-known JavaScript basic function.

Many user actions need to be confirmed if the change is going to be permanent. For example, the delete operation of CRUD functionality.

It needs to get confirmation from the user before permanently deleting the data.

This tutorial will explain more about this JavaScript basic concept with examples.

Quick example

This quick example shows the JS script to do the following.

• It shows a confirm box with a consent message passed as an argument to the confirm() function.
• It handles the yes or no options based on the user’s clicks on the OK or ‘cancel’ button of the confirm box.

if (confirm('Are you sure?')) { //action confirmed console.log('Ok is clicked.');

} else { //action cancelled console.log('Cancel is clicked.');

}

Key points of javascript confirm box.

The JavaScript confirm box is a consent box to let the user confirm or cancel the recent action.

The Javascript confirm() function accepts an optional message to be shown on the consent box.

It also displays the OK and ‘Cancel’ buttons to allow users to say yes or no about the confirmation consent.

This function returns a boolean true or false based on the button clicks on the confirm dialog box.

Syntax

confirm(message);

Example 2: Show JavaScript confirm box on a button click

This example connects the on-click event and the JS handler created for showing the confirm box.

This JS code contains the HTML to display two buttons “Edit” and “Delete”. Each has the onClick attribute to call the JavaScript custom handler doAction().

This handler shows JavaScript confirm dialog and monitors the users’ option between yes and no. This program logs the user’s action based on the yes or no option.

<button on‌Click='doAction("Edit", "Are you sure want to edit?");'>Edit</button>

<button on‌Click='doAction("Delete", "Delete will permanently remove the record. Are you sure?");'>Delete</button>

<script> function doAction(action, message) { if (confirm(message)) { //If user say 'yes' to confirm console.log(action + ' is confirmed'); } else { //If user say 'no' and cancelled the action console.log(action + ' is cancelled'); }

};

</script>

Example 3: Call confirm dialog inline

This calls the confirm() function inline with the HTML onClick attribute.

Most of the time this inline JS of calling confirm dialog is suitable. For example, if no callback has to be executed based on the users’ yes or no option, this method will be useful.

In this example, it gets user confirmation to submit the form to the server side.

<form on‌Submit='return confirm("Are you sure you want to send the data")'>

<input type="text" name="q" />

<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send" />

</form>

Example 4: Pass confirm message using data attribute

This example contains a JS script to map the HTML button’s click event to show the confirmation dialog box.

It minimizes the effort of defining JS functions and calling them with the element to show the JavaScript confirmation.

It simplifies the number of lines in the code. It adds an on-click event listener for each button element shown in the HTML.

It uses JavaScript forEach to get the target button object for this event mapping. On each on-click event, it calls the confirm() function to show the dialog box.

<button data-confirm-message="Are you sure want to edit?">Edit</button>

<button data-confirm-message="Delete will permanently remove the record. Are you sure?">Delete</button>

<script> document.querySelectorAll('button').forEach(function(element) { element.addEventListener('click', function(e) { if(confirm(e.target.dataset.confirmMessage)) { console.log("confirmed"); } });

});

</script>

More about JavaScript confirm box

The JavaScript confirm box is a kind of dialog box. It requires user action to confirm or cancel a recently triggered action. It is the method of the JavaScript window object.

There are more functions in JavaScript to display the dialog with controls. Examples,

1. alert() – Alert box with an Okay option.
2. prompt() – Prompt dialog with an input option.

Note:

While displaying the JavaScript dialog box, it stops window propagations outside the dialog.

In general, displaying a dialog window on a web page is not good practice. It will create friction on the end-user side.

We have already seen a custom dialog using jQuery. Let us see how to display the jQuery confirm dialog in the next article. With custom dialog, it has the advantage of replacing the default button controls.
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Problem Formulation and Solution Overview

This article will show you how to create and execute a batch file in Python.

Info: A batch or .bat file is a file that contains commands to be executed in the order specified. This file type can organize and automate tasks that need to be run regularly without requiring user input. These files can be created using a text editor, such as Notepad.

To make it more interesting, we have the following running scenario:

The Sales Manager of Suppliworks has asked you to create and send him a Monthly Sales Report. This file will arrive as an unsorted, unfiltered CSV. You will need to filter this criterion based on the current month and save it as an Excel file to the current working directory.

Download the sales.csv file to follow along with our article.

Question: How would we write code to create and execute a batch file in Python?

We can accomplish this task by completing the following steps:

1. Install the Batch Runner Extension
2. Create the Python Script
3. Create the .bat file
4. Execute

Install Batch Runner Extension

To run/execute a bat file, an extension will need to be installed in the IDE.

To install this extension, navigate to the IDE, Extensions area. In the VSC IDE, this can be found on the far left panel bar shown below.

In the Search textbox, enter Batch Runner. While entering this text, the IDE automatically searches for extensions that match the criteria entered.

Once the desired extension is found, click the Install button to the left of the Batch Runner extension to start the installation process.

Once the installation has been completed, the Install button converts to a Settings icon. The extension is now ready to use!

Note: Feel free to install the Batch Extension of your choosing.

Create Python Script

This section creates a Python file that reads in a CSV, sorts, filters and saves the output to an Excel file.

You can replace this with any Python file you want to run. For this example, we’ll need two libraries:

• The pandas library will need to be installed for this example, as the code reads in and filters a CSV file.
• The openpyxl library will need to be installed for this example, as the code exports the filtered DataFrame to an Excel file. To install this library, navigate to the IDE terminal command prompt. Enter and run the code snippet shown below.

To install those libraries, navigate to the IDE terminal command prompt. Enter and run the two commands to install both libraries:

pip install pandas

pip install openpyxl

In the current working directory, create a Python file called sales.py.

Copy and paste the code snippet below into this file and save it.

import pandas as pd from datetime import datetime

import openpyxl today = datetime.now()

cols = ['OrderDate', 'Region', 'Item', 'Units'] df = pd.read_csv('sales.csv', usecols=cols)

df["OrderDate"] = pd.to_datetime(df["OrderDate"])

df = df.sort_values(by=['OrderDate']) df_monthly = df[df['OrderDate'].dt.month == today.month]

df_monthly.to_excel('monthly_rpt.xlsx', columns=cols, index=False, header=True)

The first three (3) lines in the above code snippet import references to the libraries necessary to run this code error-free.

The following line retrieves the current date using datetime.now() from the datetime library. The results save to the variable today. If the contents were output to the terminal, the following displays:

2022-11-08 07:59:00.875656

The next line declares a List containing the DataFrame Columns to retrieve from the CSV file and export to the Excel file. The results save to cols.

Then, the sales.csv file is opened, and columns specified in cols are retrieved. The results save to the DataFrame df. If df was output to the terminal, the following snippet displays:

Top Five (5) Records of sales.csv

The next line converts the OrderDate into a proper Date format.

As you can see, the DataFrame, df, is not in any kind of sort order. The next line takes care of this by sorting on the OrderDate field in ascending order. The results save back to the DataFrame df.

This script’s final two (2) lines filter the DataFrame, df, based on the current month. The results save to df_monthly. These results are then exported to Excel and placed into the current working directory.

If you run this code, you will see that the Excel file saved the appropriate filtered results into the monthly_rpt.xlsx file.

Great! Now let’s create a Batch file to run this script!

Create Batch File

In this section, a bat file is created to run the Python file sales.py.

In the current working directory, create a bat file called sales.bat.

Copy and paste the code snippet below into this file and save it.

@echo off "C:\Python\python.exe" "sales.py"

The first line of the code snippet turns off any output to the terminal.

The following line specifies the following:

• The location of the python.exe file on your computer.
• The Python script to execute.

Let’s see if this works!

Execute

This section executes the bat file, which calls and runs the code inside the sales.py file.

To run the bat file, navigate to the IDE, and click to select the sales.bat file.

Press the F5 key on the keyboard to execute.

If successful, the monthly_rpt.xlsx file will appear in the current working directory!

Summary

This article has shown you have to create and run a .bat file that executes a Python script. This file can execute a simple Python script as well as an intricate one.

Good Luck & Happy Coding!

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You may experience the following error message in your Python code when trying to import urlparse:

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'urlparse'

>>> import urlparse

Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module> import urlparse

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'urlparse'

How to fix it and what is the reason this error occurs?

This error usually occurs because urlparse has been renamed to urllib.parse. So you need to pip install urllib and then import urllib and call urllib.parse to make it work.

To accomplish this, follow the tutorial outlined next or simply try running this command in your terminal, console, shell, or command line:

pip install urllib

After that, you can use urllib.parse like so (source):

from urllib.parse import urlparse

urlparse("scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment") o = urlparse("http://docs.python.org:80/3/library/urllib.parse.html?" "highlight=params#url-parsing")

print(o)

Output:

ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='docs.python.org:80', path='/3/library/urllib.parse.html', params='', query='highlight=params', fragment='url-parsing')

Recommended Tutorial: How to Install urllib in Python?